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This is a list of museums in the United States whose primary focus is on African American culture and history. Such museums are commonly known as African American museums. According to scholar Raymond Doswell, an African-American museum is "an institution established for the preservation of African-derived culture."〔Doswell, Raymond. ''Evaluating Educational Value in Museum Exhibitions: Establishing an Evaluation Process for the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum,'' Kansas State University. Department of Educational Leadership, 2008, p. 8.〕 Such museums have a mission of "collecting and preserving material on history and cultural heritage of African Americans." African-American museums share these goals with archives, genealogy groups, historical societies, and research libraries.〔Dickerson, Amina J. "African American Museums and the New Century: Challenges in Leadership," In ''Leadership for the Future: Changing Directorial Roles in American History Museums and Historical Societies: Collected Essays.'' Bryant Franklin Tolles and Edward P. Alexander, ed. Nashville, Tenn.: American Association for State and Local History, 1991, p. 169.〕 But museums differ as they have as a basic educational or aesthetic purpose in the collection and display of objects, and regular exhibitions for the public.〔Burcaw, George Ellis. ''Introduction to Museum Work.'' Walnut Creek, Calif.: Altamira Press, 1997, p. 19. Quote: The American Alliance of Museums says a museum is "an organized and permanent nonprofit institution, essentially educational or aesthetic in purpose, with professional staff, which owns and utilizes tangible objects, cares for them, and exhibits them to the public on some regular schedule."〕 Being open to the public (not just researchers or by appointment) and having regular hours sets museums apart from historical sites or other facilities that may call themselves museums.〔Burcaw, p. 19.〕 ==History of African American museums in the United States== The first African-American museum was the College Museum in Hampton, Virginia, established in 1868.〔 Prior to 1950, there were about 30 museums devoted primarily to African-American culture and history in the United States. These were located primarily at historically black colleges and universities or at libraries that had significant African-American culture and history collections.〔Coleman, Christy. "African American Museums in the Twenty-first Century," In ''Museum Philosophy for the Twenty-first Century.'' Hugh H. Genoways, ed. Lanham, Md.: Altamira Press, 2006, p. 151.〕 Important collections were developed at Bennett College in Greensboro, North Carolina; Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee; Howard University in Washington, D.C.; Lincoln University in Chester County, Pennsylvania; Morgan State University in Baltimore, Maryland; Talladega College in Talladega, Alabama; and Tuskegee University in Tuskegee, Alabama.〔Dickerson, p. 170.〕 Additionally, local historical societies, history clubs, and reading groups in African-American communities also collected and displayed African-American cultural artifacts.〔Coleman, p. 151-152.〕 The first independent, nonprofit museums in the United States were the African American Museum in Cleveland, Ohio (founded in 1956), the DuSable Museum of African American History in Chicago, Illinois (founded in 1960), and the International Afro American Museum in Detroit, Michigan (founded in 1965; now known as the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History). Throughout the 1960s, the energy of the American Civil Rights Movement led to numerous local African-American museums. being founded〔Coleman, p. 152.〕 Between 1868 and 1991, there were about 150 African-American museums established in 37 states.〔 As of 2010 the largest African-American museum in the United States was the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History in Detroit, Michigan. It will be exceeded in size by the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of African American History and Culture when completed in 2015.〔Dagbovie, Pero Gaglo. ''African American History Reconsidered.'' Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 2010, p. 75.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of museums focused on African Americans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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